The control band indicates that the colloidal gold conjugate is functional. This control band is the result of colloidal gold conjugate binding to the anti-HIV antibody immobilized on the membrane. A colored control band in the control region appears at the end of test procedure regardless of test result. The antigens used in the conjugate test are recombinant proteins that correspond to highly immunoreactive regions of HIV1 and HIV2. A negative sample does not produce a test band due to the absence of colloidal gold conjugate/HIV antibody complex. But they are not as common as they used to be. As the mixture is allowed to migrate along the test strip, the conjugate/HIV antibody complex is captured by a second antibody immobilized on a membrane forming a colored test band in the test region. Other follow-up tests, such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western blot, may still be used. The membrane is exposed to an antibody specific to the. The separated proteins are then transferred to a. The separated proteins are transferred out of the gel to the surface of a membrane. In Western blot, gel electrophoresis is used to separate proteins in a sample based on their molecular weight. The method involves using gel electrophoresis to separate the samples proteins. The HIV antigen -colloidal gold conjugate embedded in the sample pad reacts with the HIV antibody present in blood, serum or plasma sample forming conjugate/HIV antibody complex. Western blotting is a laboratory technique used to detect a specific protein in a blood or tissue sample. The assay starts with a diluent prepared sample applied to the sample well. When performing the HIV test, the HIV Test Kit instructions must be followed closely. Laboratory Procedure Manual Analyte: Matrix: Method: HIV Antibody / HIV Western Blot Confirmatory Test Serum/Plasma Bio-Rad Laboratories HIV-1/HIV-2 plus O EIA (adopted July 2004) and Calypte HIV-1 Western Blot Kit Important Information for Users CDC periodically refines these laboratory methods. The test is based on immunochromatography and can give a result within 15 minutes. DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.27752 Abstract Background: Although the overall sensitivity and specificity of the western blot (WB) test for detection of antibodies to various viral proteins is high, there has been a substantial difference in the timing of the appearance of antibody bands and their intensities during different stages of HIV infection. The iCare Rapid Anti-HIV (1&2) Test is a simple, visual qualitative test that detects antibodies in human whole blood, serum or plasma. The general method of detecting infection with HIV is to observe the presence of antibodies to the virus by an EIA method followed by confirmation with Western Blot. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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